Vietnamese History
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Sources

Sources

Every document cited in the published episodes.

  1. Nhan Dan newspaper — Son Vi and Go Mun archaeological sites in Phu Tho ranked as national relics

    Báo Nhân Dân · truy cập 16/09/2026 · in copyright

    A Vietnamese news report giving the location and scale of the excavation at the Son Vi site in Phu Tho.

    Cited in: Episode 1

    Also used on: Prehistory, Son Vi

  2. Stone Industries of Mainland and Island Southeast Asia

    David Bulbeck, Ben Marwick · 2021 · in copyright

    A handbook chapter surveying Southeast Asian stone industries and why Western scholars no longer separate northern Vietnam's Stone Age cultures.

    Cited in: Episode 1

    Also used on: Prehistory, Madeleine Colani, Hoa Binh, Son Vi

  3. Dated co-occurrence of Homo erectus and Gigantopithecus from Tham Khuyen Cave, Vietnam

    R. Ciochon và cộng sự · 1996 · in copyright

    The paper dating the fossil-bearing deposits at Tham Khuyen Cave using electron spin resonance and uranium-series methods.

    Cited in: Episode 1

    Also used on: Prehistory, Tham Khuyen Cave

  4. Kham dinh Viet su thong giam cuong muc

    Quốc sử quán triều Nguyễn · biên soạn 1856–1884 · public domain

    The Nguyen dynasty's official history, which removed Kinh Duong Vuong and Lac Long Quan from the main line and demoted them to footnotes.

    Cited in: Episode 2, Episode 3, Episode 8, Episode 9, Episode 10, Episode 11, Episode 2, Episode 4

    Also used on: Hong Bang and Van Lang, An Duong Vuong, Au Co, Cao Lo, Chu Dong Tu, De Minh, Kinh Duong Vuong, Lac Long Quan, Lang Lieu, Mai An Tiem, My Chau, Ngo Si Lien, Ngo Thi Si, Son Tinh, Thanh Giong, Thuy Tinh, Tien Dung, Trong Thuy, Lake Dongting

  5. Dai Viet su ky tien bien

    Ngô Thì Sĩ · thế kỷ XVIII · public domain

    Ngo Thi Si's history, where he traced the Kinh Duong Vuong genealogy to a misreading of the Liu Yi tale.

    Cited in: Episode 2

    Also used on: Hong Bang and Van Lang, Kinh Duong Vuong, Ngo Thi Si

  6. Dai Viet su ky toan thu

    Ngô Sĩ Liên và các sử thần triều Lê · khoảng 1479, bản khắc in 1697 · in copyright

    The official dynastic history that placed the Hong Bang clan at the formal beginning of Vietnamese history.

    Cited in: Episode 1, Episode 2, Episode 3, Episode 8, Episode 9, Episode 10, Episode 11, Episode 1, Episode 2, Episode 3, Episode 4

    Also used on: Hong Bang and Van Lang, Au Lac, An Duong Vuong, Au Co, Cao Lo, Chu Dong Tu, De Lai, De Minh, De Nghi, Do Thu, Giam Loc, Kinh Duong Vuong, Lac Long Quan, Lang Lieu, Mai An Tiem, My Chau, Nghiem An, Ngo Si Lien, Son Tinh, Tan Thuy Hoang, Than Nong, Thanh Giong, Thuy Tinh, Tien Dung, Trieu Da, Trieu Quang Phuc, Trong Thuy, Co Loa, Lake Dongting, Linh Nam, Tuong Quan

  7. De Vuong the ky

    Hoàng Phủ Mật · thế kỷ III, bản gốc thất truyền · public domain

    A Jin-dynasty royal genealogy listing eight generations descending from Shennong, among them De Minh and De Lai.

    Cited in: Episode 2

    Also used on: De Lai, De Minh, De Nghi, Than Nong

  8. Palaeolithic and Bifacial Industries of Vietnam in Comparison with Those in East, Southeast, and South Asia

    A. P. Derevianko, A. V. Kandyba, Nguyễn Khắc Sử và cộng sự · 2021 · in copyright

    A review of Palaeolithic industries in Vietnam that reconsiders the dating of the Nui Do finds.

    Cited in: Episode 1

    Also used on: Prehistory, Boriskovsky, Nui Do, Tham Khuyen Cave

  9. Giao Chau ngoai vuc ky

    Khuyết danh · khoảng thế kỷ IV · public domain

    A lost early Chinese gazetteer; its passage on the Lac fields, Lac people, Lac kings and Lac generals survives through the Commentary on the Water Classic.

    Cited in: Episode 3

    Also used on: Hong Bang and Van Lang

  10. Han thu

    Ban Cố · khoảng năm 111 · public domain

    Ban Gu's history of the Western Han; it preserves a memorial signed by Liu An himself telling the Yue war far more soberly than his own book does, and records how many people of Au Lac surrendered in 111 BC.

    Cited in: Episode 1

    Also used on: Do Thu, Giam Loc, Luu An, Phien Ngung, Tuong Quan

  11. Book of the Later Han

    Phạm Việp · thế kỷ V · public domain

    The Chinese dynastic history of the Later Han, and the earliest record of Ma Yuan melting down Lac Viet bronze drums.

    Cited in: Episode 7

    Also used on: Ma Yuan

  12. Hoai Nam Tu

    Lưu An và môn khách · khoảng 139 trước Công nguyên · public domain

    A Western Han compendium holding an early version of the tale of Shennong tasting a hundred herbs.

    Cited in: Episode 2, Episode 1

    Also used on: Dich Hu Tong, Do Thu, Giam Loc, Luu An, Nghiem An, Tan Thuy Hoang, Than Nong, Linh Nam, Phien Ngung

  13. The Dongson Culture and Cultural Centers in the Metal Age in Vietnam

    Hoàng Xuân Chinh và Bùi Văn Tiến · 1980 · in copyright

    A survey by two archaeologists of the Institute of Archaeology setting out the Phung Nguyen to Dong Son sequence.

    Cited in: Episode 5, Episode 6

    Also used on: Dong Dau, Dong Son, Go Mun, Phung Nguyen

  14. Phung Nguyen

    Nguyễn Bá Khoách · 1980 · in copyright

    A monograph on the Phung Nguyen culture whose author concludes that it does not fully match the legendary Van Lang.

    Cited in: Episode 5

    Also used on: Go Mun, Phung Nguyen

  15. Kim, Lai and Trinh 2010 — Co Loa: an investigation of Vietnam's ancient capital

    Nam C. Kim, Lại Văn Tới, Trịnh Hoàng Hiệp · 2010 · in copyright

    A peer-reviewed report on excavation and radiocarbon dating at Co Loa, showing that the main rampart of the middle circuit was raised in the closing centuries BC and was not the first line of defence there.

    Cited in: Episode 3

    Also used on: Au Lac, Trieu Da, Co Loa

  16. Lieu Nghi truyen

    Lý Triều Uy · đời Đường · public domain

    A Tang-dynasty tale of a scholar carrying a letter for the dragon king's daughter of Lake Dongting, once cited as evidence in the Vietnamese annals.

    Cited in: Episode 2

    Also used on: Kinh Duong Vuong, Lake Dongting

  17. Linh Nam chich quai

    Tương truyền Trần Thế Pháp soạn; Vũ Quỳnh và Kiều Phú nhuận sắc · khoảng thế kỷ XIV, nhuận sắc cuối thế kỷ XV · in copyright

    A collection of Vietnamese folk tales in classical Chinese, holding the fullest version of the Hong Bang story.

    Cited in: Episode 1, Episode 8, Episode 9, Episode 10, Episode 11

    Also used on: Hong Bang and Van Lang, Au Co, Chu Dong Tu, De Lai, Kinh Duong Vuong, Lac Long Quan, Lang Lieu, Mai An Tiem, Son Tinh, Than Nong, Thanh Giong, Thuy Tinh, Tien Dung, Trieu Quang Phuc, Vu Quynh, Nga Son, The Marsh of One Night, Mount Tan Vien

  18. Linh ngoai dai dap

    Chu Khứ Phi · 1178 · public domain

    A Song-dynasty official's account of the Lingnan region, written in 1178; its description of Su Loc's canal with thirty-six sluice gates is a twelfth-century picture, later quoted by the Vietnamese histories.

    Cited in: Episode 1

    Also used on: Giam Loc

  19. Nam Viet chi

    Thẩm Hoài Viễn · khoảng thế kỷ V · public domain

    A lost record of the south whose passage on the Hung fields, Hung people and Hung kings survives through a Song-dynasty compendium.

    Cited in: Episode 3

  20. Hoa Binh Culture in Vietnam after Nearly a Century since Its Discovery

    Nguyễn Khắc Sử · 2021 · in copyright

    A survey of nearly a century of Hoabinhian research in Vietnam, covering dating, distribution, subsistence and open debates.

    Cited in: Episode 1

    Also used on: Prehistory, Madeleine Colani, Con Moong Cave, Hoa Binh, Son Vi

  21. With Division 308 on the way to take over Hanoi

    Nguyễn Khắc Tiếp · 2014 · in copyright

    The memoir of a reporter present at Den Gieng on 19 September 1954, published in book form in 2014.

    Cited in: Episode 4

  22. O'Harrow 1979 — From Co-loa to the Trung Sisters' Revolt

    Stephen O'Harrow · 1979 · in copyright

    A peer-reviewed article setting the texts against the archaeology, raising the dating problem in the claim that An Duong Vuong was a son of the Shu king, and describing Co Loa as it stood in the late nineteen-seventies.

    Cited in: Episode 2, Episode 3

    Also used on: An Duong Vuong, Co Loa

  23. On the "pounding" of ancient bronze drums in Vietnam

    Phan Đăng Nhật · 2009 · in copyright

    A discussion paper recording the debate among Vietnamese scholars over whether bronze drums were ever struck like a rice mortar.

    Cited in: Episode 7

    Also used on: Ngoc Lu

  24. Commemoration and the State: Memory and Legitimacy in Vietnam

    Edyta Roszko · 2010 · in copyright

    A study of how the Vietnamese state selects and shapes local commemorations.

    Cited in: Episode 4

  25. Described, Inscribed, Written Off: Heritagisation as (Dis)connection

    Oscar Salemink · 2016 · in copyright

    A book chapter by an anthropologist who attended the Hung temple festival both before and during the UNESCO campaign.

    Cited in: Episode 4

    Also used on: Hong Bang and Van Lang

  26. Su ky

    Tư Mã Thiên · khoảng 91 trước Công nguyên · public domain

    The surviving Chinese history closest in time to the Qin; it records the founding of the three Lingnan commanderies in a single clause, and names Do Thu only inside a Han official's memorial.

    Cited in: Episode 1, Episode 2, Episode 1, Episode 2

    Also used on: Au Lac, Nam Viet, Dich Hu Tong, Do Thu, Giam Loc, Luc Gia, Nghiem An, Nham Ngao, Tan Thuy Hoang, Trieu Da, Linh Nam, Phien Ngung, Tuong Quan

  27. View from the East Mountain: An Examination of the Relationship between the Dongson and Lake Tien Civilizations

    John Tessitore · 1990 · in copyright

    A review of decades of competing theories on Dong Son's origins and its relationship with the Dian culture of Yunnan.

    Cited in: Episode 6

    Also used on: Dong Son

  28. Thuy kinh chu

    Lịch Đạo Nguyên · thế kỷ VI · public domain

    A Chinese commentary on waterways that preserves long quotations from lost books, among them the Giao Chau gazetteer.

    Cited in: Episode 2, Episode 4, Episode 1

    Also used on: Au Lac, An Duong Vuong, Cao Lo, My Chau, Trieu Da, Trong Thuy

  29. Van hoa Dong Son: 90 nam phat hien va nghien cuu

    Trịnh Năng Chung · 2014 · in copyright

    A ninety-year survey of Dong Son research from the Institute of Archaeology, setting out the mainstream Vietnamese position.

    Cited in: Episode 6

    Also used on: Dong Dau, Dong Son, Go Mun

  30. UNESCO file: Worship of Hung kings in Phu Tho

    Uỷ ban liên chính phủ Công ước 2003 · 2012 · in copyright

    File 00735 and decision 7.COM 11.36 inscribing the worship of the Hung kings in 2012.

    Cited in: Episode 4

    Also used on: Hong Bang and Van Lang

  31. Viet Nam su luoc

    Trần Trọng Kim · 1920 · public domain

    The first widely read general history in the Vietnamese alphabet, whose author put a question mark after the date 2879 BC himself.

    Cited in: Episode 2

    Also used on: Ngo Thi Si

  32. Viet su luoc

    Khuyết danh · khoảng cuối thế kỷ XIV · in copyright

    An anonymous early history that tells of the state's founding without any dragons, fairies or Hong Bang clan.

    Cited in: Episode 1, Episode 2, Episode 4

    Also used on: Hong Bang and Van Lang, Au Lac, An Duong Vuong, Au Co, Cao Lo, Kinh Duong Vuong, Lac Long Quan, My Chau, Trieu Da, Trong Thuy

  33. Viet Nam News, 24 December 2024 — over 2,300 bronze drum mould fragments at Luy Lau citadel

    Việt Nam News (Thông tấn xã Việt Nam) · 2024 · in copyright

    A Vietnam News Agency report in English on the excavation at Luy Lau citadel in Bac Ninh. Journalism rather than an archaeological report, and it gives no date for the mould fragments themselves.

    Cited in: Episode 6

  34. Form and ornament on Dong Son bronze drums in Vietnam

    Vũ Thanh Nghị · 2023 · in copyright

    A survey of Heger's four drum types, focused on type two, also known as the Muong drum.

    Cited in: Episode 7

    Also used on: Franz Heger

  35. Wikipedia: Den Hung and the Hung Kings' commemoration

    nhiều người soạn · tra cứu 2026 · in copyright

    A secondary source, used only where we could not open the original documents, and always flagged as such.

    Cited in: Episode 4

    Also used on: Hong Bang and Van Lang

  36. Who Invented the Bronze Drum? Nationalism, Politics, and a Sino-Vietnamese Archaeological Debate

    Xiaorong Han · 2004 · in copyright

    A historian's reading of the Vietnamese-Chinese bronze drum dispute as a case of archaeology shaped by politics.

    Cited in: Episode 7

    Also used on: Franz Heger, Ma Yuan, Dong Son