Person

Trung Nhi

Younger sister of Trung Trac, who rose up with her in Giao Chi in the year 40. The sources barely name her except beside her sister, and her end in 43 is recorded together with her sister's, in different words in each history.

At a glance

Role
Rose up with her sister in the year 40; the Complete Annals record that Trung Trac, with her younger sister Nhi, raised troops, attacked and took the seat of the province12
Family
Younger sister of Trung Trac1
End
Recorded together with her sister, in different words in each source. The Book of the Later Han: Ma Yuan beheaded Trung Trac and Trung Nhi — the biography of Ma Yuan says in the first month of 43, with the heads sent to Luoyang, the chapter on the southern peoples says in summer, the fourth month; the Complete Annals: the sisters resisted the Han army and, their position isolated, both were overwhelmed and perished; the Cuong muc: defeated and died; the Viet Nam su luoc of 1920: the two sisters threw themselves into the Hat river and took their own lives34567
Worshipped at
Worshipped together with her sister: in 1160 the Ly court built a temple to the Trung sisters in Bo Cai ward; Ngo Si Lien writes that prayers to Lady Trung in drought or flood were never unanswered, and her younger sister was the same89

Life

The old chronicles say

In the histories she appears almost only as a name standing beside her sister. The Book of the Later Han records that in the year 40, under the governor of Giao Chi, To Dinh, Trung Trac rose up together with her younger sister Trung Nhi; the Complete Annals record that Trung Trac, with her younger sister Nhi, raised troops, attacked and took the seat of the province. By 43 the two share a single ending: the Book of the Later Han says Ma Yuan beheaded Trung Trac and Trung Nhi, though one chapter says the first month and the other the fourth; the Complete Annals say the sisters resisted the Han army and, their position isolated, both were overwhelmed and perished, and stop at those words: no manner of death, no place, no date.12345

How later ages remembered

By the fifteenth century the Trung sisters were already deities. Ngo Si Lien writes that Lady Trung could still ward off calamity after her death; whenever drought or flood came and people went to pray, there was never a time the prayer went unanswered, and her younger sister, Trung Nhi, was the same. Earlier, in 1160, in the reign of Ly Anh Tong, the Complete Annals record that the Ly court built a temple to the Trung sisters in Bo Cai ward.98

Mentioned in

  1. Episode 4The Trung sisters rise up, AD 4015 min
  2. Episode 5The three years of Queen Trung10 min
  3. Episode 6Ma Yuan: Lang Bac and Cam Khe14 min

Sources for this page

Every row of the profile and every passage below points to one of these documents. How we choose and check sources

  1. Book of the Later Han

    book 86, the account of the southern and southwestern peoples, Fan Ye's main text

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  2. Dai Viet su ky toan thu

    Outer Annals, the reign of Queen Trung, folio 2a, main text

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  3. Book of the Later Han

    book 24, Biography of Ma Yuan, main text

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  4. Book of the Later Han

    book 86, Accounts of the Southern Man and the Southwestern Yi, main text

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  5. Dai Viet su ky toan thu

    Outer Annals, the reign of Queen Trung, folios 2b-3b, main text and notes

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  6. Kham dinh Viet su thong giam cuong muc

    Preliminary Annals book 2, the year Quy Mao, main text and the note quoting the Nam Viet chi

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  7. Viet Nam su luoc

    the Trung Vuong section, pages 51-52 of the scanned copy

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  8. Dai Viet su ky toan thu

    Basic Annals, the reign of Ly Anh Tong, Dai Dinh year 21, main text

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  9. Dai Viet su ky toan thu

    Outer Annals, the Annal of Trung Nu Vuong, Ngo Si Lien's comment

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