Person

Fan Ye

The compiler of the Book of the Later Han in the fifth century, some four hundred years after the Trung sisters' rising. Of the accounts of how the sisters' story ended, his book is the earliest we can still read.

At a glance

Dates
Compiled the Book of the Later Han in the fifth century, some four hundred years after the year 431
Role
The compiler of the Book of the Later Han, the main source for the three governors Tich Quang, Nham Dien and To Dinh; the treatise on commanderies attached to the book is by Sima Biao of the Jin, not by him23

Life

The old chronicles say

In his closing assessment of the whole chapter on good officials, he lists the men most worthy of praise. There is Du Shi, who governed Nanyang commandery and whom the people called Mother Du. And there are Nham Dien and Tich Quang, who transformed the customs of the frontier; these were the men whose usefulness was most plainly seen. The yardstick is stated right there in the sentence: the life of Nham Dien does record fields spreading and the people having enough to eat, but in the final summing up, what is called the two men's greatest achievement is that they changed the customs of the people on the frontier.4

Even within his one book there are two accounts of the sisters' death. Ma Yuan's biography says that in the first month of forty-three he beheaded the two sisters and sent their heads to Luoyang. The chapter on the southern peoples says instead: in summer, in the fourth month of that year, Yuan broke Giao Chi and beheaded Trung Trac, Trung Nhi and their followers, and the rest all surrendered or scattered. The same author, the same book, three months apart. The book disagrees with itself elsewhere too: one chapter says Trung Trac took sixty-five towns, the other says more than sixty. But on the ending, both chapters use the same word: beheaded.15

Mentioned in

  1. Episode 3Tich Quang, Nham Dien, To Dinh12 min
  2. Episode 6Ma Yuan: Lang Bac and Cam Khe14 min

Sources for this page

Every row of the profile and every passage below points to one of these documents. How we choose and check sources

  1. Book of the Later Han

    book 24, Biography of Ma Yuan, main text

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  2. Book of the Later Han

    book 76, Biographies of Good Officials, the life of Nham Dien, main text

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  3. Book of the Later Han

    treatise on commanderies and kingdoms, part five — the treatise by Sima Biao of the Jin added to the book, including the notes beside the commandery names

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  4. Book of the Later Han

    book 76, Biographies of Good Officials, Fan Ye's closing assessment, main text

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  5. Book of the Later Han

    book 86, Accounts of the Southern Man and the Southwestern Yi, main text

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